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<div class="container-fluid">
  
  <div class="d-flex align-items-center gap-2 mb-2">
    <span class="badge text-bg-primary">Vocabulary</span>
    <span class="badge text-bg-light border">Word Formation</span>
    <span class="badge text-bg-light border">Prefix–Suffix</span>
  </div>
  <p class="text-muted">
    Building words using <strong>prefixes</strong> (at the beginning) and <strong>suffixes</strong> (at the end) to change meaning and grammatical form.
  </p>
  <hr class="mt-3">

<div class="row g-3">
    <div class="col-12 col-lg-8">
      <div class="card shadow-sm">
        <div class="card-body">
          <h4 class="card-title mb-2">What is word formation (prefix–suffix)?</h4>
          <p class="mb-2">
            <strong>Word formation</strong> is the process of creating new words from a <strong>base word</strong>.
            The two most common tools are:
          </p>
          <ul>
            <li><strong>Prefix</strong>: A group of letters added <em>before</em> a base word to change its meaning.<br><span class="small text-muted">Example: <em>happy → <strong>un</strong>happy</em> (not happy)</span></li>
            <li><strong>Suffix</strong>: A group of letters added <em>after</em> a base word to change its form or function.<br><span class="small text-muted">Example: <em>teach → teacher</em> (person who teaches)</span></li>
          </ul>

<div class="alert alert-info small mb-3">
            <strong>Quick idea:</strong> Think of prefixes and suffixes as <em>lego blocks</em> you clip to the front or back of a base word.
          </div>

<div class="table-responsive">
            <table class="table table-sm align-middle">
              <thead class="table-light">
                <tr>
                  <th>Type</th>
                  <th>Form</th>
                  <th>Word</th>
                  <th>Meaning</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td><strong>Prefix</strong></td>
                  <td><strong>un-</strong> + happy</td>
                  <td>unhappy</td>
                  <td>not happy</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td><strong>Prefix</strong></td>
                  <td><strong>re-</strong> + write</td>
                  <td>rewrite</td>
                  <td>write again</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td><strong>Suffix</strong></td>
                  <td>use + <strong>-ful</strong></td>
                  <td>useful</td>
                  <td>full of use; helpful</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td><strong>Suffix</strong></td>
                  <td>comfort + <strong>-able</strong></td>
                  <td>comfortable</td>
                  <td>able to give comfort</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </div>

<blockquote class="blockquote mt-3">
            <p class="mb-3 mb-lg-2">“If you know the parts of a word, you can often guess its meaning even in an exam.”</p>
            <footer class="blockquote-footer">Word-building Tip</footer>
          </blockquote>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

<div class="col-12 col-lg-4">
      <div class="card border-0 bg-light h-100">
        <div class="card-body">
          <h6 class="text-uppercase text-muted">Key points</h6>
          <ul class="mb-2">
            <li>Prefix = before the base word.</li>
            <li>Suffix = after the base word.</li>
            <li>One word can have both: <em>un</em> + help + <em>ful</em>.</li>
            <li>Spelling often changes (drop &ldquo;e&rdquo;, double letters).</li>
          </ul>
          <div class="small">
            <span class="badge rounded-pill text-bg-secondary me-1 mb-1">base word</span>
            <span class="badge rounded-pill text-bg-secondary me-1 mb-1">meaning</span>
            <span class="badge rounded-pill text-bg-secondary me-1 mb-1">grammar</span>
            <span class="badge rounded-pill text-bg-secondary me-1 mb-1">spelling</span>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

<div class="row g-3 mt-3">
    <div class="col-12">
      <div class="card shadow-sm">
        <div class="card-body">
          <h4 class="card-title mb-2">Common Types of Prefixes and Suffixes</h4>
          <p class="mb-3">Prefixes and suffixes typically show these patterns:</p>

<div class="row g-3">
            <div class="col-md-6 col-xl-3">
              <div class="border rounded p-3 h-100">
                <h6 class="mb-1">Negatives</h6>
                <p class="small mb-2">Make the meaning negative or opposite.</p>
                <ul class="small mb-0">
                  <li><strong>un-</strong> happy → <em>unhappy</em></li>
                  <li><strong>dis-</strong> agree → <em>disagree</em></li>
                  <li><strong>in-</strong> correct → <em>incorrect</em></li>
                </ul>
              </div>
            </div>

<div class="col-md-6 col-xl-3">
              <div class="border rounded p-3 h-100">
                <h6 class="mb-1">Time / Number / Order</h6>
                <p class="small mb-2">Show when, how many, or in what order.</p>
                <ul class="small mb-0">
                  <li><strong>re-</strong> write → write again</li>
                  <li><strong>pre-</strong> view → see before</li>
                  <li><strong>bi-</strong> cycle → two wheels</li>
                </ul>
              </div>
            </div>

<div class="col-md-6 col-xl-3">
              <div class="border rounded p-3 h-100">
                <h6 class="mb-1">Word Class (Noun/Adjective/Verb)</h6>
                <p class="small mb-2">Change the type of word.</p>
                <ul class="small mb-0">
                  <li>beauty → beauti<strong>ful</strong> (noun → adjective)</li>
                  <li>care → care<strong>less</strong> (noun → adjective)</li>
                  <li>modern → modern<strong>ise</strong> (adjective → verb)</li>
                </ul>
              </div>
            </div>

<div class="col-md-6 col-xl-3">
              <div class="border rounded p-3 h-100">
                <h6 class="mb-1">People and Fields</h6>
                <p class="small mb-2">Show profession, study, or quality.</p>
                <ul class="small mb-0">
                  <li>teach → teach<strong>er</strong> (person)</li>
                  <li>history → histor<strong>ian</strong> (person)</li>
                  <li>music → music<strong>ian</strong> (person)</li>
                  <li>biology → bio<strong>logy</strong> (study)</li>
                </ul>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

<div class="alert alert-warning mt-3 mb-0">
            <strong>Rule:</strong> Always identify the base word first. Then add the prefix/suffix and check if the new meaning fits the sentence.
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

<div class="row g-3 mt-3">
    <div class="col-12 col-lg-6">
      <div class="card h-100">
        <div class="card-body">
          <h5 class="card-title">Mini Prefix–Suffix Bank</h5>
          <div class="row row-cols-1 row-cols-md-2 g-2">
            <div class="col">
              <div class="p-2 border rounded">
                <div class="fw-semibold">Common negative prefixes</div>
                <div class="small">
                  <strong>un-</strong> fair, <strong>dis-</strong> honest, <strong>in-</strong> active,
                  <strong>im-</strong> possible
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

<div class="col">
              <div class="p-2 border rounded">
                <div class="fw-semibold">Repetition / order</div>
                <div class="small">
                  <strong>re-</strong> start, <strong>pre-</strong> plan, <strong>post-</strong> graduate
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

<div class="col">
              <div class="p-2 border rounded">
                <div class="fw-semibold">Adjective suffixes</div>
                <div class="small">
                  help<strong>-ful</strong>, care<strong>-less</strong>, hope<strong>-less</strong>,
                  enjoy<strong>-able</strong>, risk<strong>-y</strong>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

<div class="col">
              <div class="p-2 border rounded">
                <div class="fw-semibold">Noun suffixes</div>
                <div class="small">
                  teach<strong>-er</strong>, employ<strong>-ee</strong>, govern<strong>-ment</strong>,
                  happy<strong>-ness</strong>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
          <p class="small text-muted mt-2 mb-0">
            Tip: Build your own bank. Group words by prefix or suffix so you remember them as families.
          </p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

<div class="col-12 col-lg-6">
      <figure class="border rounded p-3 bg-light h-100 d-flex flex-column">
        <img src="https://via.placeholder.com/640x360?text=Word+Formation+%E2%80%93+Prefix+%2F+Suffix" alt="Word formation concept" class="img-fluid rounded" loading="lazy" width="640" height="360">
        <figcaption class="small text-muted mt-2">
          Visual placeholder. Replace with your course image if needed.
        </figcaption>
      </figure>
    </div>
  </div>

<div class="row g-3 mt-4">
    <div class="col-12">
      <h4 class="fw-bold">Practice</h4>
    </div>

<div class="col-12 col-lg-6">
      <div class="card shadow-sm h-100">
        <div class="card-body">
          <h5 class="card-title">A) Multiple Choice (choose the best formed word)</h5>
          <ol class="mb-0">
            <li class="mb-2">
              Choose the correct word meaning <em>“not polite”</em>:
              <div class="mt-1">
                <span class="badge rounded-pill text-bg-light border me-1">impolite</span>
                <span class="badge rounded-pill text-bg-light border me-1">unpolite</span>
                <span class="badge rounded-pill text-bg-light border me-1">dispolite</span>
                <span class="badge rounded-pill text-bg-light border me-1">inpolite</span>
              </div>
            </li>
            <li class="mb-2">
              Best word for <em>“a person who teaches”</em>:
              <div class="mt-1">
                <span class="badge rounded-pill text-bg-light border me-1">teachist</span>
                <span class="badge rounded-pill text-bg-light border me-1">teacher</span>
                <span class="badge rounded-pill text-bg-light border me-1">teachee</span>
                <span class="badge rounded-pill text-bg-light border me-1">teachment</span>
              </div>
            </li>
            <li class="mb-2">
              Which word means <em>“able to read and write”</em>?
              <div class="mt-1">
                <span class="badge rounded-pill text-bg-light border me-1">literateful</span>
                <span class="badge rounded-pill text-bg-light border me-1">illiterate</span>
                <span class="badge rounded-pill text-bg-light border me-1">literate</span>
                <span class="badge rounded-pill text-bg-light border me-1">reliterate</span>
              </div>
            </li>
          </ol>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

<div class="col-12 col-lg-6">
      <div class="card shadow-sm h-100">
        <div class="card-body">
          <h5 class="card-title">B) Fill in the Blanks (use a prefix or suffix)</h5>
          <ol class="mb-0">
            <li class="mb-2">
              The teacher asked us to ________ (write again) the assignment.
              <em class="d-block small mt-1">(base: write)</em>
            </li>
            <li class="mb-2">
              Drinking ________ water can be dangerous.
              <em class="d-block small mt-1">(base: pure)</em>
            </li>
            <li class="mb-2">
              My brother is a very ________ person; he never gives up.
              <em class="d-block small mt-1">(base: hope)</em>
            </li>
            <li class="mb-2">
              The company will ________ (make more modern) its computer systems.
              <em class="d-block small mt-1">(base: modern)</em>
            </li>
          </ol>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

<div class="col-12">
      <div class="card">
        <div class="card-body">
          <h5 class="card-title mb-2">C) Tiny code sample (breaking a word)</h5>
          <pre class="mb-0"><code>// Simple idea: split a word into prefix, base, suffix
const analyseWord = (word) =&gt; {
  // pseudo-logic only
  return {
    prefix: "un",
    base: "happy",
    suffix: ""
  };
};</code></pre>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

<div class="row g-3 mt-4">
    <div class="col-12">
      <div class="card border-0 bg-light">
        <div class="card-body">
          <h5 class="card-title">Short Reading</h5>
          <p class="mb-2">
            The college plans to introduce a new programme to help
            <strong>underprepared</strong> students. A team of experienced
            <strong>teachers</strong> will conduct <strong>weekly</strong> sessions
            to <strong>strengthen</strong> basic skills and build
            <strong>confidence</strong>. Participants will receive
            <strong>written</strong> feedback and can
            <strong>reapply</strong> if they need additional support.
          </p>
          <p class="small text-muted mb-0">
            Task: Identify the base word and the prefix/suffix in each bold word.
          </p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

<div class="col-12 col-lg-8">
      <details class="border rounded">
        <summary class="p-3 fw-semibold">Show Suggested Answers</summary>
        <div class="p-3">
          <h6 class="fw-semibold">MCQ</h6>
          <ol>
            <li><strong>impolite</strong></li>
            <li><strong>teacher</strong></li>
            <li><strong>literate</strong></li>
          </ol>

<h6 class="fw-semibold">Fill in the Blanks</h6>
          <ol>
            <li><strong>rewrite</strong> (re- + write)</li>
            <li><strong>impure</strong> (im- + pure)</li>
            <li><strong>hopeful</strong> (hope + -ful)</li>
            <li><strong>modernise</strong> / <strong>modernize</strong> (modern + -ise/-ize)</li>
          </ol>

<h6 class="fw-semibold">Reading (base + prefix/suffix)</h6>
          <p class="mb-0 small">
            underprepared → <em>under</em> + prepare + <em>ed</em><br>
            teachers → teach + <em>er</em> + <em>s</em><br>
            weekly → week + <em>ly</em><br>
            strengthen → strong + <em>en</em><br>
            confidence → confide + <em>ence</em><br>
            written → write + <em>ten</em> (spelling change)<br>
            reapply → <em>re</em> + apply
          </p>
        </div>
      </details>
    </div>

<div class="col-12 col-lg-4">
      <div class="card border-0 bg-light h-100">
        <div class="card-body">
          <h6 class="text-uppercase text-muted">Exam tips</h6>
          <ul class="small mb-0">
            <li>Spot the base word first; then add or remove prefixes/suffixes.</li>
            <li>Negative prefixes: un-, in-/im-, dis-, mis- are very common.</li>
            <li>Check spelling: drop <em>e</em> (use → using), double consonant (fit → fitted).</li>
            <li>Remember: one base word can make many correct exam words.</li>
          </ul>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

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